diff --git a/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BaseComparablePropertyValidator.java b/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BaseComparablePropertyValidator.java
index 452f5c5..e35d35e 100644
--- a/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BaseComparablePropertyValidator.java
+++ b/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BaseComparablePropertyValidator.java
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public abstract class BaseComparablePropertyValidator<T, TProperty extends Compa
      */
     public <E extends RuntimeException> TPropertyValidator inRange(
             Range<TProperty> range, Supplier<E> e) {
-        withRule(value -> value != null && range.contains(value), e);
+        withRule(value -> value != null && range.contains(value), convertToExceptionFunction(e));
         return thisObject();
     }
 
diff --git a/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BasePropertyValidator.java b/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BasePropertyValidator.java
index b870edf..4e80f9c 100644
--- a/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BasePropertyValidator.java
+++ b/plusone-validator/src/main/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/validator/BasePropertyValidator.java
@@ -44,28 +44,6 @@ public abstract class BasePropertyValidator<T, TProperty, TPropertyValidator ext
         this.getter = getter;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 添加一条校验属性的规则
-     *
-     * @param rule 校验规则
-     * @return 属性校验器
-     */
-    public final TPropertyValidator withRule(Predicate<? super TProperty> rule) {
-        return withRule(rule, v -> ValidationException.withDefaultMessage());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 添加一条校验属性的规则
-     *
-     * @param rule 校验规则
-     * @param errMsg 校验失败的错误信息
-     * @return 属性校验器
-     */
-    public final TPropertyValidator withRule(
-            Predicate<? super TProperty> rule, String errMsg) {
-        return withRule(rule, convertToExceptionFunction(errMsg));
-    }
-
     /**
      * 添加一条校验属性的规则
      *
@@ -73,19 +51,7 @@ public abstract class BasePropertyValidator<T, TProperty, TPropertyValidator ext
      * @param e 自定义异常
      * @return 属性校验器
      */
-    public final <E extends RuntimeException> TPropertyValidator withRule(
-            Predicate<? super TProperty> rule, Supplier<E> e) {
-        return withRule(rule, convertToExceptionFunction(e));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 添加一条校验属性的规则
-     *
-     * @param rule 校验规则
-     * @param e 自定义异常
-     * @return 属性校验器
-     */
-    public final <E extends RuntimeException> TPropertyValidator withRule(
+    protected final <E extends RuntimeException> TPropertyValidator withRule(
             Predicate<? super TProperty> rule, Function<TProperty, E> e) {
         this.consumers.add(v -> {
             if (!rule.test(v)) {
diff --git a/plusone-validator/src/test/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/example/validator/ObjectPropertyValidatorTests.java b/plusone-validator/src/test/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/example/validator/ObjectPropertyValidatorTests.java
index 16ad0f8..ed33eac 100644
--- a/plusone-validator/src/test/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/example/validator/ObjectPropertyValidatorTests.java
+++ b/plusone-validator/src/test/java/xyz/zhouxy/plusone/example/validator/ObjectPropertyValidatorTests.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
-import java.time.DateTimeException;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -30,8 +29,6 @@ import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 
 import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.ExampleException;
-import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.commons.collection.CollectionTools;
-import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.commons.util.DateTimeTools;
 import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.commons.util.StringTools;
 import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.example.ExampleCommand;
 import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.example.Foo;
@@ -41,114 +38,6 @@ import xyz.zhouxy.plusone.validator.ValidationException;
 
 public class ObjectPropertyValidatorTests {
 
-    // ================================
-    // #region - withRule
-    // ================================
-
-    @Test
-    void withRule_validInput() {
-        IValidator<ExampleCommand> validator = new BaseValidator<ExampleCommand>() {
-            {
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getBoolProperty)
-                        .notNull("The boolProperty cannot be null.")
-                        .withRule(Boolean.TRUE::equals);
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getIntProperty)
-                        .withRule(intProperty -> intProperty > 0, "The intProperty should be greater than 0.");
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getLongProperty)
-                        .withRule(longProperty -> longProperty > 0L,
-                                () -> ExampleException.withMessage("The longProperty should be greater than 0."));
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getDoubleProperty)
-                        .withRule(doubleProperty -> doubleProperty > 0.00,
-                                doubleProperty -> ExampleException.withMessage("The doubleProperty should be greater than 0, but it was: %s", doubleProperty));
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getStringProperty)
-                        .notNull()
-                        .withRule(stringProperty -> stringProperty.length() > 2,
-                                () -> ExampleException.withMessage("The length of stringProperty should be greater than 2."));
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getDateTimeProperty)
-                        .withRule(DateTimeTools::isFuture,
-                                () -> new DateTimeException("The dateTimeProperty should be a future time."));
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getObjectProperty)
-                        .notNull("The objectProperty cannot be null.");
-
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getStringListProperty)
-                        .withRule(CollectionTools::isNotEmpty, "The stringListProperty cannot be empty.");
-
-                withRule(command -> {
-                    Foo objectProperty = command.getObjectProperty();
-                    if (!Objects.equals(command.getIntProperty(), objectProperty.getIntProperty())) {
-                        throw ExampleException.withMessage("intProperty invalid.");
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-        };
-
-        ExampleCommand command = new ExampleCommand(
-                true,
-                Integer.MAX_VALUE,
-                Long.MAX_VALUE,
-                Double.MAX_VALUE,
-                "StringValue",
-                LocalDateTime.now().plusDays(1),
-                new Foo(Integer.MAX_VALUE, "StringValue"),
-                Lists.newArrayList("ABC", "DEF"));
-
-        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> validator.validate(command));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void withRule_invalidInputs() {
-        ExampleCommand command = new ExampleCommand();
-        IValidator<ExampleCommand> ruleWithDefaultMessage = new BaseValidator<ExampleCommand>() {
-            {
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getObjectProperty)
-                        .withRule(x -> false);
-            }
-        };
-        ValidationException eWithDefaultMessage = assertThrows(
-                ValidationException.class, () -> ruleWithDefaultMessage.validate(command));
-        assertEquals(ValidationException.DEFAULT_MESSAGE, eWithDefaultMessage.getMessage());
-
-        IValidator<ExampleCommand> ruleWithMessage = new BaseValidator<ExampleCommand>() {
-            {
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getObjectProperty)
-                        .withRule(x -> false, "invalid input.");
-            }
-        };
-        ValidationException eWithMessage = assertThrows(
-                ValidationException.class, () -> ruleWithMessage.validate(command));
-        assertEquals("invalid input.", eWithMessage.getMessage());
-
-        IValidator<ExampleCommand> ruleWithExceptionSupplier = new BaseValidator<ExampleCommand>() {
-            {
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getObjectProperty)
-                        .withRule(x -> false, () -> ExampleException.withMessage("invalid input."));
-            }
-        };
-        ExampleException specifiedException = assertThrows(
-                ExampleException.class, () -> ruleWithExceptionSupplier.validate(command));
-        assertEquals("invalid input.", specifiedException.getMessage());
-
-        IValidator<ExampleCommand> ruleWithExceptionFunction = new BaseValidator<ExampleCommand>() {
-            {
-                ruleFor(ExampleCommand::getObjectProperty)
-                        .withRule(x -> false, x -> ExampleException.withMessage("invalid input: [%s].", x));
-            }
-        };
-        ExampleException specifiedException2 = assertThrows(
-                ExampleException.class, () -> ruleWithExceptionFunction.validate(command));
-        assertEquals("invalid input: [null].", specifiedException2.getMessage());
-    }
-
-    // ================================
-    // #endregion - withRule
-    // ================================
-
     // ================================
     // #region - notNull
     // ================================